Large-diameter steel pipes (typically referring to steel pipes with an outer diameter ≥114mm, with ≥200mm defined as large in some cases, depending on industry standards) are widely used in core areas involving "large-media transportation," "heavy-duty structural support," and "high-pressure conditions" due to their high pressure-bearing capacity, high-flow capacity, and strong impact resistance.
Energy is the primary application area for large-diameter steel pipes. Core requirements include high pressure, long distances, and corrosion resistance. These pipes are used to transport key energy media such as oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity.
1. Oil and Gas Transportation: The "aorta" of long-distance pipelines
Applications: Interregional oil and gas trunk pipelines (such as the West-East Gas Pipeline and the China-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline), internal gathering and transportation pipelines within oil fields, and oil/gas pipelines for offshore oil and gas platforms.
Steel Pipe Types: Primarily spiral submerged arc welded pipe (LSAW) and straight seam submerged arc welded pipe (SSAW), with seamless steel pipe (such as API 5L X80/X90 grades) used in some high-pressure sections.
Core Requirements: Withstand high pressures of 10-15 MPa (natural gas trunk lines), resist soil corrosion (onshore pipelines), and resist seawater corrosion (offshore pipelines). Single pipe lengths can reach 12-18 meters to reduce weld joints and minimize leakage risks. Typical examples: the China-Russia East Line Natural Gas Pipeline (the largest long-distance pipeline in China, with some sections using 1422mm diameter steel pipes), and the Saudi-UAE cross-border oil pipeline (steel pipes 1200mm and larger).
2. Power Industry: The "energy corridor" of thermal/nuclear power plants
In the thermal power sector, these pipes are used in the "four major pipelines" (main steam pipes, reheat steam pipes, main feedwater pipes, and high-pressure heater drain pipes) to transport high-temperature, high-pressure steam (temperatures of 300-600°C and pressures of 10-30 MPa).
In the nuclear power sector, safety-grade steel pipes for nuclear islands (such as reactor coolant pipes) require strong radiation resistance and creep resistance. Austenitic stainless steel seamless pipes (such as ASME SA312 TP316LN) are commonly used. New Energy Support: "Collector Line Pipelines" (protecting high-voltage cables) at photovoltaic/wind power bases, and long-distance hydrogen transmission pipelines (some pilot projects use 300-800mm Φ corrosion-resistant steel pipes).
Demands in the municipal sector focus on "high flow, low maintenance, and adaptability to urban underground/surface environments." The core objective is to ensure water supply and drainage for residents and the functioning of urban systems.
1. Water Supply and Drainage Engineering: Urban Water Transmission/Drainage Trunk Pipes
Water Supply Applications: "Raw water pipelines" from urban water sources (reservoirs, rivers) to water plants, and "municipal trunk water supply pipes" from water plants to urban areas, require the transport of high-flow tap water (e.g., 600-2000mm Φ steel pipes).
Drainage Applications: Urban "stormwater trunk pipes" (for rapid drainage of flooding caused by heavy rain) and "sewage trunk pipes" (for transporting domestic/industrial wastewater to sewage treatment plants). Some utilize corrosion-resistant steel pipes (e.g., plastic-coated steel pipes and cement mortar-lined steel pipes).
Advantages: Compared to concrete pipes, steel pipes are lightweight, resistant to subsidence (adapting to complex urban underground geology), and offer excellent joint sealing (preventing sewage leakage and soil contamination).
2. Water Conservancy Hubs: Inter-basin Water Transfer and Flood Control
Applications: Inter-basin water transfer projects (such as the "Yellow River Tunnel Pipeline" of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's middle route), diversion pipelines and flood discharge pipelines for reservoirs/hydropower stations, and diversion ditch pipelines for urban flood control and drainage.
Typical Requirements: Withstand water flow shock (flow velocities of 2-5 m/s), withstand water pressure (some deep-water pipes must withstand head pressures exceeding 10 m), and diameters exceeding 3000 mm (e.g., the 3200 mm steel diversion pipe at a hydropower station).
The industrial sector has diverse demands, with the core focus on "adaptability to heavy-duty conditions and meeting the transportation requirements of specific media," encompassing industries such as metallurgy, chemicals, and machinery.
1. Metallurgy/Steel Industry: High-Temperature Material Transportation
Applications: Steel mills' "blast furnace gas pipelines" (transporting high-temperature gas, 200-400°C), "steelmaking and continuous casting cooling water pipelines" (high-flow cooling of steel billets), and "slurry pipelines" (transporting iron ore slurry).
Steel pipe requirements: High-temperature oxidation resistance (for gas pipelines) and wear resistance (for slurries containing solid particles, wear-resistant alloy steel pipes are required). Diameters typically range from 200 to 1000 mm.
2. Chemical/Petrochemical Industry: Corrosive Media Transportation
Applications: Raw material pipelines in chemical plants (such as acid and alkali solutions, organic solvents), catalytic cracking unit pipelines in petrochemical plants (high-temperature, high-pressure oil and gas), and tank discharge pipelines (large-diameter discharge pipes for large storage tanks).
Steel Pipe Types: Corrosion-resistant alloy steel pipes (such as 316L stainless steel) and plastic- or rubber-lined steel pipes (for highly corrosive media) are primarily used. Some high-pressure pipelines use 150-500mm seamless steel pipes.
3. Heavy Machinery: Structural Support and Hydraulic Systems
Applications: Hydraulic cylinder barrels in construction machinery (excavators and cranes) (some large-tonnage equipment uses 100-300mm seamless steel pipes), bed support steel pipes in large machine tools, and internal ladder/cable protection pipes (150-300mm) in offshore wind turbine towers.
In large-scale infrastructure projects such as bridges, tunnels, and airports, large-diameter steel pipes serve not only as "transmission pipelines" but also as "structural components" that bear loads or provide protection.
1. Bridge Engineering: Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges/Pier Columns
Applications: "Main arch ribs" of long-span arch bridges (such as the Chongqing Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge, which uses 1200-1600mm Φ concrete-filled steel tube arch ribs filled with concrete, combining the tensile strength of steel tubes with the compressive strength of concrete), and "protective sleeves" of bridge piers (protecting piers from water erosion).
Advantages: Compared to traditional reinforced concrete, concrete-filled steel tube structures are lightweight, easy to construct (can be prefabricated in factories and assembled on-site), and have longer spans (up to 500 meters or more).
2. Tunnels and Rail Transit: Ventilation and Cable Protection
Tunnel Applications: "Ventilation Ducts" (for fresh air, diameter 800-1500mm) in highway/railway tunnels, and "Fire Water Supply Pipes" (for high-flow water supply in case of tunnel fires).
Rail Transit: "Underground Cable Protection Pipes" (for protecting high-voltage cables, some made of 200-400mm plastic-coated steel pipe) in subways/high-speed rail systems, and "Catenary Column Casings" (steel columns supporting the power grid).
3. Airports/Ports: Special-Purpose Pipes
Airports: "Rainwater Drainage Pipes" (large diameter 600-1200mm) for runways to prevent runway water accumulation and impacts on takeoff and landing, and "Air Conditioning Chilled Water Main Pipes" (for high-flow chilled water flow for temperature control) in terminal buildings.
Ports: "Oil Transfer Arm Pipelines" (connecting tankers and storage tanks, transporting crude oil/refined oil products, diameter 300-800mm) at port terminals, and "Bulk Cargo Pipelines" (for transporting bulk cargo such as coal and ore).
Military Industry: Warship "seawater cooling pipes" (resistance to seawater corrosion), tank "hydraulic lines" (large-diameter high-pressure seamless pipes), and missile launcher "support steel pipes."
Geological Exploration: Deepwater well "casings" (protecting the well wall and preventing collapse, some use Φ300-500mm seamless steel pipes), shale gas extraction "horizontal well pipelines" (for high-pressure fracturing fluid delivery).
Agricultural Irrigation: Large-scale farmland water conservancy "trunk irrigation pipelines" (such as drip/sprinkler irrigation trunk pipes in the arid northwest region, with diameters of Φ200-600mm).
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Post time: Sep-19-2025