In the design of steel structures, H-beams and I-beams are the main bearing parts. The differences of cross section shape, size and mechanical properties and application field among the subject must directly influence the engineering selection rules.
Theoretically this difference between I-beams and H-beams, shape, construction, of this plane load-bearing element is parallel flanges, Ibeams which tapers so the flange width decreases with distance from the web.
In terms of size, H-beams can be made with various flange widths and web thicknesses to meet different demands, while the size of I-beams is more or less uniform.
In terms of performance The Steel H Beam is better in torsional resistance and overall rigidity with its symmetrical cross-sectoin, the I beam is better in bending resistance for loads along the axis.
These strengths are reflected in their applications: The H Section Beam can be found in high-rises, bridges, and heavy equipment, while the I beam works well in light steel construction, vehicle frames, and short-span beams.
| Comparative Dimensions |
H-beam |
I-beam |
| Appearance |
This biaxial "H"-shaped structure features parallel flanges, equal thickness to the web, and a smooth vertical transition to the web. |
A uniaxially symmetrical I-section with tapered flanges tapering from the web root to the edges. |
| Dimensional Characteristics |
Flexible specifications, such as adjustable flange width and web thickness, and custom production cover a wide range of parameters. |
Modular dimensions, characterized by cross-sectional length. Adjustability is limited, with few fixed sizes of the same height. |
| Mechanical Properties |
High torsional stiffness, excellent overall stability, and high material utilization yield higher load-bearing capacity for the same cross-sectional dimensions. |
Excellent unidirectional bending performance (about the strong axis), but poor torsional and out-of-plane stability, requiring lateral support or reinforcement. |
| Engineering Applications |
Suitable for heavy loads, long spans, and complex loads: high-rise building frames, long-span bridges, heavy machinery, large factories, auditoriums, and more. |
For light loads, short spans, and unidirectional loading: lightweight steel purlins, frame rails, small auxiliary structures, and temporary supports. |
